https://iioablett.pitt.edu/ojs/iioablett <ul><li><strong><em>IIOAB Letters </em></strong><em>has ceased publication, and this site is no longer accepting submissions.</em></li></ul> University Library System, University of Pittsburgh en-US IIOAB Letters 2161-3702 <br /><strong>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: </strong><br /><br /><ol><ol><li>The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.<br /><br /></li><li>Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.<br /><br /></li><li>The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/" target="_blank">Creative Commons 3.0 License (Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works)</a>, or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;</li><li>Noncommercial—other users (including Publisher) may not use this Work for commercial purposes;</li><li>No Derivative Works—other users (including Publisher) may not alter, transform, or build upon this Work,with the understanding that any of the above conditions can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license. <br /><br /></li></ol></li><li>The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.<br /><br /></li><li>Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a pre-publication <em>manuscript</em> (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see <a href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html" target="_blank">The Effect of Open Access</a>). Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.<br /><br /></li><li>Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.<br /><br /></li><li>The Author represents and warrants that:<br /><br /><ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha; padding-left: 40px;"><li>the Work is the Author’s original work;</li><li>the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;</li><li>the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;</li><li>the Work has not previously been published;</li><li>the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and</li><li>the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.</li></ol></li></ol></ol><br /><ol><li>The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.</li></ol> https://iioablett.pitt.edu/ojs/iioablett/article/view/19 <p><em>Response surface methodological (RSM) optimization of protease by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCM B327, increased 1.3-fold activity with 1% inoculum having cell density of 27.57 x 10⁹ cells mL^-1 at pH 7, 30⁰C and 72 h of incubation. Protease enzyme recovered from P. aeruginosa showed characteristic activities against diverse proteins of hide. Enzyme was found to be active with substrates e.g. casein, Bovine serum albumin, gelatin, elastin, haemoglobin but inactive against keratin and collagen. During leather manufacturing, non-collagenase and non-keratinase activities have advantageous in a quality leather and hair saving process, respectively. Increased proteolytic enzyme concentration (0.1-0.5%) in soaking process showed increased water penetration because of hydrolysis of albumin and elastin proteins as indicated by opened fibers in histopathological sections. These findings suggest, protease secreted by P. aeruginosa may have application in soaking operation of leather processing for minimizing harmful deharing chemicals and processing time.</em></p> V. P. Zambare S. S. Nilegaonkar P. P. Kanekar Copyright (c) 2014-01-13 2014-01-13 3 1 10.5195/iioablett.2013.19 https://iioablett.pitt.edu/ojs/iioablett/article/view/20 <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <div><p class="AbstractParagraphs">Present study was aimed to design nutrient medium most suitable for isolation and enumeration of microbial flora associated with raw buffalo hide. Skin extract agar (SEA) was designed and standardized on the basis of its chemical analysis. SEA and nutrient medium supplemented with skin extract was inoculated with buffalo hide wash. Total viable count as well as diversity of microbial colonies were enumerated on SEA as well as on nutrient agar and standard plate count agar both supplemented with skin extract (1% v/v). Bacterial strains forming diverse types of colonies on the media tested were identified on the basis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The SEA was found to yield higher number of bacteria and to support growth of <em>Acinetobacter, Exiguobacterium </em>and <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> which otherwise difficult to selectively isolate from buffalo hide using nutrient agar and standard plate count agar. Diversity of microbial colonies formed on SEA was significantly higher than that observed on nutrient agar or standard plate count agar. Feasibility of utilizing SEA as a microbiological medium for isolation and identification of microflora from raw buffalo hide was successfully demonstrated. Use of skin extract medium can maximize recovery of taxonomically distinct bacteria from raw buffalo hide. This basic study, with proper manipulations could lead to development of product for enumeration and isolation of bacteria from buffalo hides especially cattle pathogens related to skin diseases.</p></div> <p><strong> </strong></p> Ashish Polkade Prafulla Shede Pradhnya Kanekar Prashant Dhakephalkar Seema Sarnaik Copyright (c) 2014-01-13 2014-01-13 3 1 10.5195/iioablett.2013.20